Walking nicely on a lead is one of the most valuable skills you can teach your dog. It transforms daily walks from stressful tugging matches into enjoyable outings for both of you. Whether you're starting with a new puppy or retraining an adult dog who's developed pulling habits, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the fundamentals of leash training using a harness.
Why Use a Harness for Leash Training?
While training can be done with a collar, harnesses offer several advantages for the learning process:
- Safety: No risk of neck injury during the inevitable pulling that occurs while learning
- Control: Front-clip harnesses help redirect pulling dogs naturally
- Comfort: Dogs are often more relaxed when pressure isn't on their neck
- Clear communication: Harnesses help you guide your dog's body more effectively
For training purposes, we recommend a front-clip or dual-clip harness. The front attachment point helps naturally redirect your dog toward you when they pull, making the training process more intuitive for both of you.
Before You Begin: Setting Up for Success
Choose the Right Equipment
- Properly fitted harness: Follow our measuring guide to ensure correct sizing
- Standard lead: 1.5-1.8 metres long - avoid retractable leads during training
- High-value treats: Small, soft treats your dog loves
- Treat pouch: For easy access during training sessions
Understand Your Training Goals
Loose-lead walking means your dog walks beside or slightly ahead of you without pulling tension on the lead. The lead should have a visible curve or "J" shape, indicating slack. Your dog doesn't need to maintain perfect heel position - they just need to avoid pulling.
Realistic Expectations
Leash training takes time and consistency. Expect several weeks of practice before seeing reliable results. Every dog learns at their own pace, and setbacks are normal - especially in exciting environments.
Step 1: Introduce the Harness Positively
Before you can train with a harness, your dog needs to feel comfortable wearing one:
- Let your dog sniff and investigate the harness
- Feed treats while touching them with the harness
- Drape the harness over their back, treating continuously
- Practice putting on and removing the harness, always with treats
- Once wearing the harness, let them move around the house before any outdoor work
Take several days on this step if needed. Rushing can create negative associations that make training harder.
Step 2: Train the Foundation Behaviours
Name Recognition
Your dog should look at you when they hear their name. Practice inside:
- Say your dog's name once in a happy tone
- The moment they look at you, say "yes!" and give a treat
- Repeat until the response is reliable
Focus Command
Teach a "look" or "watch me" cue:
- Hold a treat near your face
- When your dog makes eye contact, say "yes!" and treat
- Add a verbal cue like "look" or "watch me"
- Gradually increase the duration of eye contact before treating
Why These Matter
A dog who checks in with you and responds to their name is much easier to walk. These behaviours form the foundation of communication during walks.
Step 3: Practice Indoors First
Start in the lowest-distraction environment possible - inside your home:
- Attach the lead to the harness and hold it loosely
- Walk around your home with treats in hand
- Every few steps, when your dog is beside you with a loose lead, say "yes!" and treat
- If they pull ahead, simply stop walking
- Wait for them to create slack in the lead, then continue
Practice in different rooms, gradually increasing session length. Only move outdoors when indoor walking is reliable.
Step 4: Take It Outside Gradually
Start in Your Garden or a Quiet Area
The outside world is full of distractions. Begin in the least stimulating outdoor space available:
- Your backyard or front garden
- A quiet car park
- A low-traffic time at a local park
The Stop-and-Wait Technique
This is your primary tool for addressing pulling:
- When your dog pulls and the lead goes tight, stop immediately
- Stand still like a tree - don't pull back or move forward
- Wait for your dog to create slack in the lead (they might sit, look at you, or step back)
- The moment there's slack, say "yes!" and continue walking
Consistency Is Critical
Every time your dog successfully pulls you forward, they learn that pulling works. You must stop every single time the lead goes tight, especially in the early stages. Inconsistency dramatically slows progress.
Step 5: Add Direction Changes
Once basic loose-lead walking is improving, add unpredictability:
- Randomly change direction during walks
- Before changing, say your dog's name to get their attention
- When they follow you in the new direction, treat generously
- This teaches your dog to pay attention to where you're going
Troubleshooting Common Problems
My Dog Pulls Towards Everything
For dogs highly motivated by smells, other dogs, or people:
- Use higher-value treats (real chicken, cheese, hot dogs)
- Increase distance from distractions initially
- Practice the "look" command heavily around triggers
- Consider that sniffing is rewarding - allow sniff breaks as rewards for loose-lead walking
My Dog Stops and Refuses to Walk
This often indicates fear, discomfort, or over-excitement:
- Never drag a reluctant dog - this increases fear
- Check harness fit - discomfort causes reluctance
- Use treats to lure them forward gently
- Identify if something specific is causing hesitation
My Dog Lunges at Other Dogs or People
This requires specific reactivity training beyond basic leash skills:
- Increase distance from triggers dramatically
- Work on focus exercises at a distance where your dog can remain calm
- Consider working with a qualified positive-reinforcement trainer
The "Penalty Yard" Rule
Some trainers use the penalty yard technique: when your dog pulls, take a few steps backward before stopping. This makes pulling actively counterproductive rather than just ineffective.
Maintaining Training Momentum
Leash training isn't something you do once and finish. It requires ongoing reinforcement:
- Keep treating: Even when loose-lead walking is reliable, occasional treats maintain the behaviour
- Vary your rewards: Use verbal praise, treats, and permission to sniff interchangeably
- Practice in new environments: Skills learned in familiar areas may not transfer automatically
- Stay consistent: Don't let pulling succeed, even when you're tired or in a hurry
Training Session Guidelines
Effective training sessions follow these principles:
- Keep sessions short: 5-10 minutes for puppies, 10-15 minutes for adults
- End on success: Finish when your dog has done something right
- Multiple daily sessions: Several short sessions beat one long one
- Train before meals: Hungry dogs are more food-motivated
- Stay patient: Frustration is counterproductive - end the session if you're getting annoyed
When to Seek Professional Help
Consider working with a certified dog trainer if:
- You've been consistent for several weeks with minimal progress
- Your dog shows fear or aggression on walks
- You're dealing with serious reactivity issues
- You're feeling frustrated or overwhelmed
A qualified trainer can observe your specific situation and provide tailored guidance. Look for trainers who use positive reinforcement methods and have relevant certifications.
Leash training is a journey, not a destination. With patience, consistency, and the right equipment, you and your dog can develop a walking partnership that makes every outing a pleasure. Remember that every dog learns differently - celebrate small victories and stay committed to the process.